High-Risk Pregnancy: What It Means and How to Navigate It Safely
A high-risk pregnancy means there’s a greater chance of complications for the mother, baby, or both. This risk can stem from preexisting conditions, maternal age (under 17 or over 35), lifestyle factors, or complications during the pregnancy. Fortunately, with close monitoring and proper care, many people with high-risk pregnancies go on to have healthy deliveries and healthy babies.
What Is a High-Risk Pregnancy?
A high-risk pregnancy is any pregnancy that has a higher-than-normal chance of complications. That doesn't mean you will experience problems—it just means your healthcare provider will monitor you more closely to protect your health and your baby’s development.
Many women with high-risk pregnancies have healthy outcomes. The key is early prenatal care, regular checkups, and following your provider’s recommendations.
How Common Is High-Risk Pregnancy?
In the U.S., about 6–8% of pregnancies—roughly 30,000 to 50,000 annually—are classified as high risk.
What Factors Make a Pregnancy High Risk?
1. Preexisting Health Conditions
Some medical conditions you may already have before becoming pregnant can increase pregnancy risks:
Diabetes
High blood pressure
Autoimmune disorders (e.g., lupus, MS)
Kidney disease
Obesity
HIV/AIDS
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
Mental health disorders
Blood clotting disorders
Thyroid disease
2. Pregnancy-Related Health Issues
These are conditions that arise during pregnancy:
Gestational diabetes
Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or eclampsia
Low or high levels of amniotic fluid
Placental issues (e.g., placenta previa or abruption)
Carrying multiples (twins or more)
Prior preterm labor or complications
3. Lifestyle and Environmental Risks
Smoking or drug use
Alcohol consumption
Exposure to toxins
Poor nutrition
Symptoms of a High-Risk Pregnancy
Whether your pregnancy is considered high risk or not, contact your doctor immediately if you notice:
Abdominal pain that doesn't go away
Vaginal bleeding or unusual discharge
Severe headaches
Dizziness or fainting
Chest pain or shortness of breath
Swelling or pain in your face or limbs
Extreme fatigue
Reduced fetal movement
Nausea and vomiting beyond morning sickness
Thoughts of self-harm
Is Maternal Age a Risk Factor?
Age alone isn’t the only factor, but women under 17 or over 35 are more likely to be monitored for complications. Your provider will evaluate all risk factors holistically.
What Complications Can Occur with High-Risk Pregnancies?
Possible complications include:
Preterm birth
Cesarean delivery
Preeclampsia and related conditions
Low birth weight
Postpartum hemorrhage
NICU or ICU admissions
Miscarriage or stillbirth
Birth defects
Long-term health concerns for mother or child
Diagnosis and Monitoring of High-Risk Pregnancies
Early prenatal care is the best way to detect high-risk pregnancies. Providers use several tests:
Blood and urine tests: Monitor overall health and check for genetic issues
Ultrasound: Frequent scans ensure fetal development is on track
Nonstress tests and biophysical profiles: Assess baby’s heart rate and placental health
Managing a High-Risk Pregnancy
Your treatment plan may include:
More frequent prenatal visits and ultrasounds
Consultations with maternal-fetal medicine specialists
Home monitoring (e.g., blood pressure checks)
Adjusting medications for chronic conditions
Possible early delivery (induction or C-section)
How Many Ultrasounds Will You Have?
Most high-risk pregnancies require more than the usual 2–3 ultrasounds. Your provider will decide how often based on your condition.
Can High-Risk Pregnancies Be Prevented?
You can lower your risk by:
Managing chronic health issues before conception
Avoiding alcohol, tobacco, and drugs
Achieving a healthy weight
Taking prenatal vitamins
Practicing safe sex
Ensuring medications are pregnancy-safe
What’s the Outlook for High-Risk Pregnancies?
With the right care, most people with high-risk pregnancies deliver healthy babies. Still, these pregnancies can increase the risk of:
Postpartum depression
Future pregnancy complications
Long-term health concerns like high blood pressure or diabetes
For the baby, there may be an increased risk of:
Developmental delays
Behavioral or respiratory issues
Obesity, diabetes, or neurological conditions
Your provider will help you understand your specific risks and how to minimize them.
Can You Work During a High-Risk Pregnancy?
Yes, many people continue working. However, depending on your condition, your provider may recommend:
Reduced hours
Work-from-home arrangements
Medical leave
Bed rest or hospitalization in more severe cases
Staying Positive During a High-Risk Pregnancy
It’s normal to feel overwhelmed. Here are a few tips to manage the emotional stress:
Trust your care team: They're focused on your and your baby’s health
Build a support system: Friends, family, and support groups can be invaluable
Practice healthy habits: Sleep well, eat nutritious foods, and stay active if cleared
Seek emotional support: Don’t hesitate to speak with a counselor, psychologist, or therapist
A high-risk pregnancy doesn’t mean a negative outcome is guaranteed. With early diagnosis, ongoing monitoring, and the right support, you can still enjoy a healthy pregnancy and birth. The expert care team at Enrich Health in Hamden, CT is here to support you every step of the way.
FAQs About High-Risk Pregnancy
Q1: Can a high-risk pregnancy become low risk?
In some cases, yes—depending on the underlying cause and how well it’s managed.
Q2: Is it safe to travel during a high-risk pregnancy?
It depends. Always consult your provider before traveling.
Q3: Will I definitely need a C-section if I have a high-risk pregnancy?
Not necessarily. Many women with high-risk pregnancies still deliver vaginally.
Q4: Does one high-risk pregnancy mean all future ones will be high risk?
Not always. Risks vary from pregnancy to pregnancy.
Q5: When should I see a maternal-fetal medicine specialist?
If your OB/GYN identifies serious complications or risk factors, they may refer you for specialized care.
